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Forklift Starter and Alternator
Forklift Starters and Alternators - The starter motor these days is typically either a series-parallel wound direct current electric motor that consists of a starter solenoid, which is similar to a relay mounted on it, or it could be a permanent-magnet composition. When current from the starting battery is applied to the solenoid, basically through a key-operated switch, the solenoid engages a lever that pushes out the drive pinion which is situated on the driveshaft and meshes the pinion utilizing the starter ring gear that is found on the flywheel of the engine.
The solenoid closes the high-current contacts for the starter motor, which starts to turn. When the engine starts, the key operated switch is opened and a spring within the solenoid assembly pulls the pinion gear away from the ring gear. This particular action causes the starter motor to stop. The starter's pinion is clutched to its driveshaft by an overrunning clutch. This permits the pinion to transmit drive in just one direction. Drive is transmitted in this particular way via the pinion to the flywheel ring gear. The pinion continuous to be engaged, for instance in view of the fact that the driver did not release the key once the engine starts or if there is a short and the solenoid remains engaged. This actually causes the pinion to spin separately of its driveshaft.
The actions discussed above would prevent the engine from driving the starter. This important step stops the starter from spinning very fast that it can fly apart. Unless modifications were done, the sprag clutch arrangement will preclude utilizing the starter as a generator if it was employed in the hybrid scheme mentioned prior. Usually a standard starter motor is designed for intermittent use that would prevent it being used as a generator.
Therefore, the electrical parts are intended to work for more or less less than 30 seconds in order to prevent overheating. The overheating results from very slow dissipation of heat due to ohmic losses. The electrical components are meant to save weight and cost. This is really the reason nearly all owner's instruction manuals utilized for automobiles suggest the operator to stop for a minimum of ten seconds after every 10 or 15 seconds of cranking the engine, if trying to start an engine that does not turn over instantly.
In the early 1960s, this overrunning-clutch pinion arrangement was phased onto the market. Prior to that time, a Bendix drive was utilized. The Bendix system functions by placing the starter drive pinion on a helically cut driveshaft. When the starter motor begins spinning, the inertia of the drive pinion assembly allows it to ride forward on the helix, thus engaging with the ring gear. When the engine starts, the backdrive caused from the ring gear enables the pinion to surpass the rotating speed of the starter. At this point, the drive pinion is forced back down the helical shaft and hence out of mesh with the ring gear.
The development of Bendix drive was developed during the 1930's with the overrunning-clutch design known as the Bendix Folo-Thru drive, made and launched in the 1960s. The Folo-Thru drive consists of a latching mechanism together with a set of flyweights inside the body of the drive unit. This was much better for the reason that the typical Bendix drive utilized to be able to disengage from the ring once the engine fired, even though it did not stay running.
Once the starter motor is engaged and starts turning, the drive unit is forced forward on the helical shaft by inertia. It then becomes latched into the engaged position. When the drive unit is spun at a speed higher than what is attained by the starter motor itself, like for example it is backdriven by the running engine, and afterward the flyweights pull outward in a radial manner. This releases the latch and allows the overdriven drive unit to become spun out of engagement, therefore unwanted starter disengagement can be avoided previous to a successful engine start.
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